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RPL, an IPv6 routing protocol for Low power Lossy Networks (LLNs), isconsidered to be the de facto routing standard for the Internet of Things(IoT). However, more and more experimental results demonstrate that RPLperforms poorly when it comes to throughput and adaptability to networkdynamics. This significantly limits the application of RPL in many practicalIoT scenarios, such as an LLN with high-speed sensor data streams and mobilesensing devices. To address this issue, we develop BRPL, an extension of RPL,providing a practical approach that allows users to smoothly combine any RPLObject Function (OF) with backpressure routing. BRPL uses two novel algorithms,QuickTheta and QuickBeta, to support time-varying data traffic loads and nodemobility respectively. We implement BRPL on Contiki OS, an open-sourceoperating system for the Internet of Things. We conduct an extensive evaluationusing both real-world experiments based on the FIT IoT-LAB testbed andlarge-scale simulations using Cooja over 18 virtual servers on the Cloud. Theevaluation results demonstrate that BRPL not only is fully backward compatiblewith RPL (i.e. devices running RPL and BRPL can work together seamlessly), butalso significantly improves network throughput and adaptability to changes innetwork topologies and data traffic loads. The observed packet loss reductionin mobile networks is, at a minimum, 60% and up to 1000% can be seen in extremecases.

BRPL: Backpressure RPL for High-throughput and Mobile IoTs