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Understanding how nanostructure and nanomechanics influence physical materialproperties on the micro- and macroscale is an essential goal in soft condensedmatter research. Mechanisms governing fragmentation and chirality inversion offilamentous colloids are of specific interest because of their critical role inload-bearing and self-organizing functionalities of soft nanomaterials. Here weprovide a fundamental insight into the self-organization across several lengthscales of nanocellulose, an important bio-colloid system with wide-rangingapplications as structural, insulating and functional material. Through acombined microscopic and statistical analysis of nanocellulose fibrils at thesingle particle level, we show how mechanically and chemically inducedfragmentation proceed in this system. Moreover, by studying the bottom-upself-assembly of fragmented carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils into cholestericliquid crystals, we show via direct microscopic observations, that thechirality is inverted from right-handed at the nanofibril level to left-handedat the level of the liquid crystal phase. These results improve our fundamentalunderstanding of nanocellulose and provide an important rationale for theirapplication in colloidal systems, liquid crystals and nanomaterials.

Nanocellulose Fragmentation Mechanisms and Inversion of Chirality from the Single Particle to the Cholesteric Phase