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Each year, approximately 300,000 heart valve repair or replacement proceduresare performed worldwide, including approximately 70,000 aortic valvereplacement surgeries in the United States alone. This paper describes progressin constructing anatomically and physiologically realistic immersed boundary(IB) models of the dynamics of the aortic root and ascending aorta. This workbuilds on earlier IB models of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in the aorticroot, which previously achieved realistic hemodynamics over multiple cardiaccycles, but which also were limited to simplified aortic geometries andidealized descriptions of the biomechanics of the aortic valve cusps. Bycontrast, the model described herein uses an anatomical geometry reconstructedfrom patient-specific computed tomography angiography (CTA) data, and employs adescription of the elasticity of the aortic valve leaflets based on afiber-reinforced constitutive model fit to experimental tensile test data.Numerical tests show that the model is able to resolve the leaflet biomechanicsin diastole and early systole at practical grid spacings. The model is alsoused to examine differences in the mechanics and fluid dynamics yielded byfresh valve leaflets and glutaraldehyde-fixed leaflets similar to those used inbioprosthetic heart valves. Although there are large differences in the leafletdeformations during diastole, the differences in the open configurations of thevalve models are relatively small, and nearly identical hemodynamics areobtained in all cases considered.

Image-based immersed boundary model of the aortic root