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Journals were central to Eugene Garfield's research interests. Among otherthings, journals are considered as units of analysis for bibliographicdatabases such as the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. In addition todisciplinary classifications of journals, journal citation patterns spannetworks across boundaries to variable extents. Using betweenness centrality(BC) and diversity, we elaborate on the question of how to distinguish and rankjournals in terms of interdisciplinarity. Interdisciplinarity, however, isdifficult to operationalize in the absence of an operational definition ofdisciplines, the diversity of a unit of analysis is sample-dependent. BC can beconsidered as a measure of multi-disciplinarity. Diversity of co-citation in aciting document has been considered as an indicator of knowledge integration,but an author can also generate trans-disciplinary--that is,non-disciplined--variation by citing sources from other disciplines. Diversityin the bibliographic coupling among citing documents can analogously beconsidered as diffusion of knowledge across disciplines. Because the citationnetworks in the cited direction reflect both structure and variation, diversityin this direction is perhaps the best available measure of interdisciplinarityat the journal level. Furthermore, diversity is based on a summation and cantherefore be decomposed, differences among (sub)sets can be tested forstatistical significance. In an appendix, a general-purpose routine formeasuring diversity in networks is provided.

Betweenness and Diversity in Journal Citation Networks as Measures of Interdisciplinarity -- A Tribute to Eugene Garfield --