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Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) rely on the cooperation of nodes in a networkto forward a message from its source to its destination. Most of previousstudies on DTNs have focused on the design of routing schemes under thehypothesis that each relay node is willing to participate in the forwardingprocess. However, the delivery of a message incurs energy and memory costs. Inthis paper we handle the problem of how to incentivize mobile nodes toparticipate in relaying messages using a reward mechanism. We considerheterogeneous relay nodes where the cost for taking part in the forwardingprocess varies as a function of the mobility patterns of the relays. We showthat under fairly weak assumptions on the mobility pattern, the expected rewardthe source pays remains the same irrespective of the information it conveys tothe relays, provided that the type of information does not vary dynamicallyover time. We also characterize the effect of time to live (TTL) counters onthe delivery probability and memory usage. Using simulations based on asynthetic mobility model and real mobility traces, we perform a few tests thatshow a good accordance among theoretical and simulation results.

Incentive-rewarding mechanisms to stimulate participation in heterogeneous DTNs