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We explore a regime of laser-driven plasma acceleration of electrons wherethe radial envelope of the laser-pulse incident at the plasma entrance isstrongly mismatched to the nonlinear plasma electron response excited by it.This regime has been experimentally studied with the gemini laser using f/40focusing optics in August 2015 and f/20 in 2008. The physical mechanisms andthe scaling laws of electron acceleration achievable in a laser-plasmaaccelerator have been studied in the radially matched laser regime and thus arenot accurate in the strongly mismatched regime explored here. In this work, weshow that a novel adjusted-a0 model applicable over a specific range ofdensities where the laser enters the state of a strong optical shock, describesthe mismatched regime. Beside several novel aspects of laser-plasma interactiondynamics relating to an elongating bubble shape and the correspondingself-injection mechanism, importantly we find that in this strongly mismatchedregime when the laser pulse transforms into an optical shock it is possible toachieve beam-energies that significantly exceed the incident intensity matchedregime scaling laws.

Laser-driven plasma acceleration in a regime of strong-mismatch between the incident laser envelope and the nonlinear plasma response