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Quite recently, enhancing security against device-attack vulnerability hasbeen theoretically challenging but also practically important in quantumcryptographic communication. For dealing with this issue in a general andstrict scenario, we design a seemingly-new kind of quantum secure directcommunication (QSDC) in a linear-optical regime, which we call"preparation-attack-immune QSDC." We address that in our "naive" analysis, itis quite formidable to extract even a piece of information of the secretmessage, and any malicious eavesdropping attempts will be unsuccessful. Themost remarkable feature is that even in the case where a powerful eavesdroppercan peep at all preparation device settings, our protocol still keeps a highlevel of security without invoking any additional resources and physicalproperties. This novel advantage that we call "preparation-attack immunity"comes from the simultaneous use of the two degrees of freedom involved in asingle-photon (polarization and spatial modes), which enables one to faithfullydeal with the single-photon quantum superposition nature. Our idea can begeneralized to other single-photon based protocols.

Preparation-Attack-Immune Quantum Secure Direct Communication Using Two-Fold Photon Degree of Freedom