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Resolving the microscopic pairing mechanism and its experimentalidentification in unconventional superconductors is among the most vexingproblems of contemporary condensed matter physics. We show that Ramanspectroscopy provides an avenue for this quest by probing the structure of thepairing interaction at play in an unconventional superconductor. As we studythe spectra of the prototypical Fe-based superconductor ${\rmBa_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2}$ for $0.22\le x \le 0.70$ in all symmetry channels, Ramanspectroscopy allows us to distill the leading $s$-wave state. In addition, thespectra collected in the $B_{1g}$ symmetry channel reveal the existence of twocollective modes which are indicative of the presence of two competing, yetsub-dominant, pairing tendencies of $d_{x^2-y^2}$ symmetry type. Acomprehensive functional Renormalization Group (fRG) and random-phaseapproximation (RPA) study on this compound confirms the presence of the twosub-leading channels, and consistently matches the experimental dopingdependence of the related modes. The synopsis of experimental evidence andtheoretical modelling supports a spin-fluctuation mediated superconductingpairing mechanism.

Microscopic pairing fingerprint of the iron-based superconductor ${\rm Ba_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2}$