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In this paper, energy efficient power control for the uplink two-tiernetworks where a macrocell tier with a massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) base station is overlaid with a small cell tier is investigated. Wepropose a distributed energy efficient power control algorithm which allowseach user in the two-tier network taking individual decisions to optimize itsown energy efficiency (EE) for the multi-user and multi-cell scenario. Thedistributed power control algorithm is implemented by decoupling the EEoptimization problem into two steps. In the first step, we propose to assignthe users on the same resource into the same group and each group can optimizeits own EE, respectively. In the second step, multiple power control gamesbased on evolutionary game theory (EGT) are formulated for each group, whichallows each user optimizing its own EE. In the EGT-based power control games,each player selects a strategy giving a higher payoff than the average payoff,which can improve the fairness among the users. The proposed algorithm has alinear complexity with respect to the number of subcarriers and the number ofcells in comparison with the brute force approach which has an exponentialcomplexity. Simulation results show the remarkable improvements in terms offairness by using the proposed algorithm.

Energy Efficient Power Control for the Two-tier Networks with Small Cells and Massive MIMO