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3D-Polarized Light Imaging (3D-PLI) reconstructs nerve fibers in histologicalbrain sections by measuring their birefringence. This study investigatesanother effect caused by the optical anisotropy of brain tissue -diattenuation. Based on numerical and experimental studies and a completeanalytical description of the optical system, the diattenuation was determinedto be below 4 % in rat brain tissue. It was demonstrated that the diattenuationeffect has negligible impact on the fiber orientations derived by 3D-PLI. Thediattenuation signal, however, was found to highlight different anatomicalstructures that cannot be distinguished with current imaging techniques, whichmakes Diattenuation Imaging a promising extension to 3D-PLI.

Diattenuation of Brain Tissue and its Impact on 3D Polarized Light Imaging