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A near perfect, storage time-extended photon echo-based quantum memoryprotocol has been analyzed by solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations for abackward scheme in a three-level system. The backward photon echo scheme iscombined with a controlled coherence conversion process via control Rabiflopping to a third state, where the control Rabi flopping collectively shiftsthe phase of the ensemble coherence. The propagation direction of photon echoesis coherently determined by the phase matching condition between the data(quantum) and the control (classical) pulses. Herein we discuss the classicalcontrollability of a quantum state for both phase and propagation direction bymanipulating the control pulses in both single and double rephasing photon echoschemes of a three-level system. Compared with their well-understood use fortwo-level photon echoes, the Maxwell-Bloch equations to a three-level systemhave a critical limitation regarding the phase change when interacted with anarbitrary control pulse area.

Understanding of collective atom phase control in modified photon echoes for a near perfect, storage time extended quantum memory