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The extremely low efficiency is regarded as the bottleneck of Wireless PowerTransfer (WPT) technology. To tackle this problem, either enlarging thetransfer power or changing the infrastructure of WPT system could be anintuitively proposed way. However, the drastically important issue on the userexposure of electromagnetic radiation is rarely considered while we try toimprove the efficiency of WPT. In this paper, a Distributed Antenna PowerBeacon (DA-PB) based WPT system where these antennas are uniformly distributedon a circle is analyzed and optimized with the safety electromagnetic radiationlevel (SERL) requirement. In this model, three key questions are intended to beanswered: 1) With the SERL, what is the performance of the harvested power atthe users ? 2) How do we configure the parameters to maximize the efficiency ofWPT? 3) Under the same constraints, does the DA-PB still have performance gainthan the Co-located Antenna PB (CA-PB)? First, the minimum antenna height ofDA-PB is derived to make the radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiationpower density at any location of the charging cell lower than the SERLpublished by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Second, theclosed-form expressions of average harvested Direct Current (DC) power per userin the charging cell for pass-loss exponent 2 and 4 are also provided. In orderto maximize the average efficiency of WPT, the optimal radii for distributedantennas elements (DAEs) are derived when the pass-loss exponent takes thetypical value $2$ and $4$. For comparison, the CA-PB is also analyzed as abenchmark. Simulation results verify our derived theoretical results. And it isshown that the proposed DA-PB indeed achieves larger average harvested DC powerthan CA-PB and can improve the efficiency of WPT.

On the Deployment of Distributed Antennas for Wireless Power Transfer with Safety Electromagnetic Radiation Level Requirement