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The growing complexity of heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) hasnecessitated the need to consider variety of user and base station (BS)configurations for realistic performance evaluation and system design. This isdirectly reflected in the HetNet simulation models considered bystandardization bodies, such as the third generation partnership project(3GPP). Complementary to these simulation models, stochastic geometry basedapproach modeling the user and BS locations as independent and homogeneousPoisson point processes (PPPs) has gained prominence in the past few years.Despite its success in revealing useful insights, this PPP-based model is notrich enough to capture all the spatial configurations that appear in real worldHetNet deployments (on which 3GPP simulation models are based). In this paper,we bridge the gap between the 3GPP simulation models and the popular PPP-basedanalytical model by developing a new unified HetNet model in which a fractionof users and some BS tiers are modeled as Poisson cluster processes (PCPs).This model captures both non-uniformity and coupling in the BS and userlocations. For this setup, we derive exact expression for downlink coverageprobability under maximum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) cell associationmodel. As intermediate results, we define and evaluate sum-product functionalsfor PPP and PCP. Special instances of the proposed model are shown to closelyresemble different configurations considered in 3GPP HetNet models. Our resultsconcretely demonstrate that the performance trends are highly sensitive to theassumptions made on the user and SBS configurations.

Poisson Cluster Process: Bridging the Gap Between PPP and 3GPP HetNet Models