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As power grids incorporate increased renewable generation such as wind andsolar, their variability creates growing challenges for grid stability andefficiency. We study two facets: power the grid is unable to accept(curtailment), and power that is assigned zero economic value by the grid(negative or zero price). Collectively we term these "stranded power" or SP.  We study stranded power in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator(MISO), characterizing quantity and temporal structure. First, stranded poweris available in the MISO grid 99% of the time, and often in intervals >100hours, with characteristic seasonal and time-of-day patterns. Average strandedpower often exceeds 1 GW, with duty factors as high as 30%. About 30% of allwind generation in MISO is stranded. Examination of the top 10 individual sitesshows stranded power can be as high as 70% duty factor and 250MW. Trends overthe past 3.5 years suggest stranded power is a persistent phenomenon. The studycharacterizes opportunities to exploit stranded power.  We consider using energy storage to increase the utility of stranded power.For a range of power levels and uniformly-distributed storage, adding 5 hoursof storage doubles duty factor to 30% at 4MW, but another 95 hours is requiredfor the next 15% increase. At 4MW with 50 hours of storage, only 3 of 200 sitesreach 100% duty factor, and with 100 hours required for the next 10 sites.Higher power levels require 100's of hours. Storage at the top 10 sites is moreproductive, 5 hours increases duty factor to 70% at 4MW, but further storagehas diminishing benefits. Studies of the amount of power served by storage showthat distribution to the best sites provides 2 to 3.7-fold advantages overuniform distribution.

Characterizing Curtailed and Uneconomic Renewable Power in the Mid-continent Independent System Operator