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Electron emission from liquid into gaseous xenon is a cornerstone of darkmatter search detectors such as ZEPLIN, XENON, LUX and LZ. The probability ofemission is a function of the applied electric field E, and electrons whichfail to pass from the liquid into the gas have been previously hypothesized tobecome thermalized and trapped. This article shows, for the first time,quantitative agreement between an electron emission model and existing data.The model predicts that electrons in the liquid must surmount a typicalpotential barrier phi_b=0.34+-0.01 eV in order to escape into the gas. Thisvalue is a factor of about x2 smaller than has previously been calculated orinferred. Knowledge of phi_b allows calculation of the lifetime of thermalized,trapped electrons. The value is O(10) ms, which appears to be compatible withXENON10 observations of electron train backgrounds. As these backgrounds limitthe sensitivity of dark sector dark matter searches, possible mitigations arediscussed.

Electron train backgrounds in liquid xenon dark matter search detectors are indeed due to thermalization and trapping