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By developing a molecular dynamics model of bacterial chemotaxis, we presentthe first investigation of tracer statistics in bacterial suspensions wherechemotactic effects are considered. We demonstrate that the non-Gaussianstatistics of full-coated tracer arises from the athermal bacterial noise.Moreover, Janus (half-coated) tracer performs a composite random walk combiningpower-law-tail distributed L\'{e}vy flights with Brownian jiggling at lowcoating concentration, but turns to an enhanced directional transport (EDT)when coating concentration is high. Unlike conventional self-propelledparticles, upon increasing coating concentration, the direction of EDTcounterintuitively reverses from along to against the tracer orientation. Boththese transitions are identified to be second-order, with the phase boundariesmeeting at a triple point. A theoretical modeling that reveals the origin ofsuch anomalous transport behaviors is proposed. Our findings reveal thefundamental nonequilibrium physics of active matter under external stimuli, andunderscore the crucial role of asymmetrical environment in regulating thetransport processes in biological systems.

Diffusion of Janus Particles in Bacterial Suspensions: Second-Order Phase Transition and Counterintuitive Directional Propulsion