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With ever-increasing productivity targets in mining operations, there is agrowing interest in mining automation. The PIMM project addresses thefundamental challenge of network communication by constructing a pilot 5Gnetwork in the underground mine Kankberg. In this report, we discuss how such a5G network could constitute the essential infrastructure to organize existingsystems in Kankberg into a system-of-systems (SoS). In this report, we analyzea scenario in which LiDAR equipped vehicles operating in the mine are connectedto existing mine mapping and positioning solutions. The approach is motivatedby the approaching era of remote controlled, or even autonomous, vehicles inmining operations. The proposed SoS could ensure continuously updated maps ofKankberg, rendered in unprecedented detail, supporting both productivity andsafety in the underground mine. We present four different SoS solutions from anorganizational point of view, discussing how development and operations of theconstituent systems could be distributed among Boliden and externalstakeholders, e.g., the vehicle suppliers, the hauling company, and thedevelopers of the mapping software. The four scenarios are compared from bothtechnical and business perspectives, and based on trade-off discussions andSWOT analyses. We conclude our report by recommending continued research alongtwo future paths, namely a closer cooperation with the vehicle suppliers, andfurther feasibility studies regarding establishing a Kankberg softwareecosystem.

From LiDAR to Underground Maps via 5G - Business Models Enabling a System-of-Systems Approach to Mapping the Kankberg Mine