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Recent research has demonstrated that the rotor angle stability can beassessed by identifying the sign of the system maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE).A positive (negative) MLE implies unstable (stable) rotor angle dynamics.However, because the MLE may fluctuate between positive and negative values fora long time after a severe disturbance, it is difficult to determine the systemstability when observing a positive or negative MLE without knowing its furtherfluctuation trend. In this paper, a new approach for online rotor anglestability assessment is proposed to address this problem. The MLE is estimatedby a recursive least square (RLS) based method based on real-time rotor anglemeasurements, and two critical parameters, the Theiler window and the MLEestimation initial time step, are carefully chosen to make sure the calculatedMLE curves present distinct features for different stability conditions. Byusing the proposed stability assessment criteria, the developed approach canprovide timely and reliable assessment of the rotor angle stability. Extensivetests on the New-England 39-bus system and the Northeast Power CoordinatingCouncil 140-bus system verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Model-Free MLE Estimation for Online Rotor Angle Stability Assessment with PMU Data