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In a classic thought experiment, Szilard suggested a heat engine where asingle particle, for example an atom or a molecule, is confined in a containercoupled to a single heat bath. The container can be separated into two parts bya moveable wall acting as a piston. In a single cycle of the engine, work canbe extracted from the information on which side of the piston the particleresides. The work output is consistent with Landauers principle that theerasure of one bit of information costs the entropy kB ln 2, exemplifying thefundamental relation between work, heat and information. Here we apply theconcept of the Szilard engine to a fully interacting quantum many-body system.We find that a working medium of a number of bosons (larger or equal two) withattractive interactions is clearly superior to other previously discussedsetups. In sharp contrast to the classical case, we find that the average workoutput increases with the particle number. The highest overshoot occurs for asmall but finite temperature, showing an intricate interplay between thermaland quantum effects. We anticipate that our finding will shed new light on therole of information in controlling thermodynamic fluctuations in the deepquantum regime, which are strongly influenced by quantum correlations ininteracting systems.

Supremacy of the quantum many-body Szilard engine with attractive bosons