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Quantitative measurement of functional and anatomical traits of 4D tonguemotion in the course of speech or other lingual behaviors remains a majorchallenge in scientific research and clinical applications. Here, we introducea statistical multimodal atlas of 4D tongue motion using healthy subjects,which enables a combined quantitative characterization of tongue motion in areference anatomical configuration. This atlas framework, termed Speech Map,combines cine- and tagged-MRI in order to provide both the anatomic referenceand motion information during speech. Our approach involves a series of stepsincluding (1) construction of a common reference anatomical configuration fromcine-MRI, (2) motion estimation from tagged-MRI, (3) transformation of themotion estimations to the reference anatomical configuration, and (4)computation of motion quantities such as Lagrangian strain. Using thisframework, the anatomic configuration of the tongue appears motionless, whilethe motion fields and associated strain measurements change over the timecourse of speech. In addition, to form a succinct representation of thehigh-dimensional and complex motion fields, principal component analysis iscarried out to characterize the central tendencies and variations of motionfields of our speech tasks. Our proposed method provides a platform toquantitatively and objectively explain the differences and variability oftongue motion by illuminating internal motion and strain that have so far beenintractable. The findings are used to understand how tongue function for speechis limited by abnormal internal motion and strain in glossectomy patients.

Speech Map: A Statistical Multimodal Atlas of 4D Tongue Motion During Speech from Tagged and Cine MR Images