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We propose a hybrid architecture that integrates RF (i.e., sub-6 GHz) andmillimeter wave (mmWave) technologies for 5G cellular systems. In particular,communications in the mmWave band faces significant challenges due to variablechannels, intermittent connectivity, and high energy usage. On the other hand,speeds for electronic processing of data is of the same order as typical ratesfor mmWave interfaces which makes the use of complex algorithms for trackingchannel variations and adjusting resources accordingly impractical. Ourproposed architecture integrates the RF and mmWave interfaces for beamformingand data transfer, and exploits the spatio-temporal correlations between theinterfaces. Based on extensive experimentation in indoor and outdoor settings,we demonstrate that an integrated RF/mmWave signaling and channel estimationscheme can remedy the problem of high energy usage and delay associated withmmWave beamforming. In addition, cooperation between two interfaces at thehigher layers effectively addresses the high delays caused by highlyintermittent mmWave connectivity. We design a scheduler that fully exploits themmWave bandwidth, while the RF link acts as a fallback mechanism to preventhigh delay. To this end, we formulate an optimal scheduling problem over the RFand mmWave interfaces where the goal is to maximize the delay-constrainedthroughput of the mmWave interface. We prove using subadditivity analysis thatthe optimal scheduling policy is based on a single threshold that can be easilyadopted despite high link variations.

Dual Sub-6 GHz -- Millimeter Wave Beamforming and Communications to Achieve Low Latency and High Energy Efficiency in 5G Systems