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Extreme climatic events have been shown to be strong drivers of tree growth,forest dynamics, and range contraction. Here we study the climatic drivers ofPicea crassifolia Kom., an endemic to northwest China where climate hassignificantly warmed. Picea crassifolia was sampled from its lowerdistributional margin to its upper distributional margin on the Helan Mountainsto test the hypothesis that 1) growth at the upper limit is limited by cooltemperatures and 2) is limited by drought at its lower limit. We found thattrees at the lower distributional margin have experienced a higher rate ofstem-growth cessation events since 2001 compared to trees at other elevations.While all populations have a similar climatic sensitivity, stem-growthcessation events in trees at lower distributional margin appear to be driven bylow precipitation in June as the monsoon begins to deliver moisture to theregion. Evidence indicates that mid-summer (July) vapor pressure deficit (VPD)exacerbates the frequency of these events. These data and our analysis makes itevident that an increase in severity and frequency of drought early in themonsoon season could increase the frequency and severity of stem-growthcessation in Picea crassifolia trees at lower elevations. Increases in VPD andwarming would likely exacerbate the growth stress of this species on HelanMountain. Hypothetically, if the combinations of low moisture and increased VPDstress becomes more common, the mortality rate of lower distributional margintrees could increase, especially of those that are already experiencing eventsof temporary growth cessation.

Early monsoon drought and mid-summer vapor pressure deficit induce growth cessation of lower margin Picea crassifolia