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Demand response represents a significant but largely untapped resource thatcan greatly enhance the flexibility and reliability of power systems. Thispaper proposes a hierarchical control framework to facilitate the integratedcoordination between distributed energy resources and demand response. Theproposed framework consists of coordination and device layers. In thecoordination layer, various resource aggregations are optimally coordinated ina distributed manner to achieve the system-level objectives. In the devicelayer, individual resources are controlled in real time to follow the optimalpower dispatch signals received from the coordination layer. For practicalapplications, a method is presented to determine the utility functions ofcontrollable loads by accounting for the real-time load dynamics and thepreferences of individual customers. The effectiveness of the proposedframework is validated by detailed simulation studies.

Hierarchical Control Framework for Integrated Coordination between DERs and Demand Response