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For over 70 years, ferroelectric materials have been remaining one of thecentral research topics for condensed matter physics and material science, theinterest driven both by fundamental science and applications. However,ferroelectric surfaces, the key component of ferroelectric films andnanostructures, still present a significant theoretical and even conceptualchallenge. Indeed, stability of ferroelectric phase per se necessitatesscreening of polarization charge. At surfaces, this can lead to couplingbetween ferroelectric and semiconducting properties of material, or withsurface (electro) chemistry, going well beyond classical models applicable forferroelectric interfaces. In this review, we summarize recent studies ofsurface screening phenomena in ferroelectrics. We provide a brief overview ofthe historical understanding of physics of ferroelectric surfaces, and existingtheoretical models that both introduce screening mechanisms and explore therelationship between screening and relevant aspects of ferroelectricfunctionalities starting from phase stability itself. Given that majority offerroelectrics exist in multiple-domain states, we focus on local studies ofscreening phenomena using scanning probe microscopy techniques. We discussrecent studies of static and dynamic phenomena on ferroelectric surfaces, aswell as phenomena observed under lateral transport, light, chemical, andpressure stimuli. We also note that the need for ionic screening renderspolarization switching a coupled physical-electrochemical process, and discussthe non-trivial phenomena such as chaotic behavior during domain switching thatstem from this.

Surface Screening Mechanisms in Ferroelectric Thin Films and its Effect on Polarization Dynamics and Domain Structures