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We report the existence of self-propelled Janus droplets driven by phaseseparation, which are able to deliver cargo in a programmable manner. Theself-propelling droplets are initially formed by a water/ethanol mixture in asqualane/monoolein solution, and evolve in up to three stages depending onethanol concentration. In the first stage, the droplet propulsion is generatedby Marangoni flow originating from the solubilization of ethanol in the oilyphase. During this process the droplets absorb surfactant molecules; incombination with the continuous loss of ethanol this leads to a phaseseparation of the water/ethanol/monoolein mixture and the formation of Janusdroplets, i.e. a water-rich droplet connected to an ethanol-rich droplet thatis able to deliver cargo. We characterize the different evolution stages ofself-propulsion by the flow field around the droplet that evolves from a weakpusher, over a neutral swimmer, to a dimer of neutral swimmers. Finally, weutilize this active system to deliver DNA as a cargo. Tuning the delay timebefore phase separation, by varying the chemical composition of the droplets,several different cargo delivery processes can be programmed.

Programmable Active Janus Droplets Driven by Water/Alcohol Phase Separation