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This paper develops a new approach to the modeling and analysis of HetNetsthat accurately incorporates coupling across the locations of users and basestations, which exists due to the deployment of small cell base stations (SBSs)at the places of high user density (termed user hotspots in this paper).Modeling the locations of the geographical centers of user hotspots as ahomogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP), we assume that the users and SBSs areclustered around each user hotspot center independently with two differentdistributions. The macrocell base station (BS) locations are modeled by anindependent PPP. This model is consistent with the user and SBS configurationsconsidered by 3GPP. Using this model, we study the performance of a typicaluser in terms of coverage probability and throughput for two associationpolicies: i) Policy 1, under which a typical user is served by the open-accessBS that provides maximum averaged received power, and ii) Policy 2, under whichthe typical user is served by the small cell tier if the maximum averagedreceived power from the open-access SBSs is greater than a certain powerthreshold; and macro tier otherwise. A key intermediate step in our analysis isthe derivation of distance distributions from a typical user to the open-accessand closed-access interfering SBSs. Our analysis demonstrates that as thenumber of SBSs reusing the same resource block increases, coverage probabilitydecreases whereas throughput increases. Therefore, contrary to the usualassumption of orthogonal channelization, it is reasonable to assign the sameresource block to multiple SBSs in a given cluster as long as the coverageprobability remains acceptable. This approach to HetNet modeling and analysissignificantly generalizes the state-of-the-art approaches that are based onmodeling the locations of BSs and users by independent PPPs.

Poisson Cluster Process Based Analysis of HetNets with Correlated User and Base Station Locations