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Monochromators and analyzers for X-rays of energy $>$ 5 keV areoverwhelmingly made from silicon crystals, of which large specimens of highpurity and low defect density are readily available. Germanium and diamondcrystals are also occasionally used. Bragg reflection of the X-rays determinestheir bandwidth, with backscattering reflections (with Bragg angles $\approx$90$^\circ$) providing the highest energy resolution along with high photoncollection efficiency. The crystal lattices of all these materials share thesame space group $Fd\overline{3}m$, which because of its high symmetry providesa low density of unique backscattering Bragg reflections per unit photon energyrange. This is a disadvantage for solid-state studies using resonant inelasticX-ray scattering (RIXS) and nuclear resonant scattering (NRS), for which theX-ray energy must be tuned to a specific electronic or nuclear transition. As aresult, crystals with lattices of lower symmetry are being considered.$\alpha$-quartz is one of the most promising. However, data on its materialproperties and fabrication techniques are widely scattered, and in the vitalmatter of the atomic positions, great inconsistencies exist in the literature.The material properties of $\alpha$-quartz that are relevant to X-ray studiesare therefore summarized and clarified here as a guide to future work.

Material properties of $\alpha$-quartz that are relevant for its potential use in X-ray monochromators and analyzers