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In this paper, we propose a novel directional modulation (DM) scheme based onrandom frequency diverse arrays with artificial noise (RFDA-DM-AN) to enhancephysical layer security of wireless communications. Specifically, we firstdesign the RFDA-DM-AN scheme by randomly allocating frequencies to transmitantennas, thereby achieving two-dimensionally (i.e., angle and range) securetransmissions, and outperforming the state-of-the-art one-dimensional (i.e.,angle) phase array (PA) based DM scheme. Then we develop the closed-formexpression of a lower bound on the ergodic secrecy capacity (ESC) of ourRFDA-DM-AN scheme. Based on the theoretical lower bound derived, we furtheroptimize the transmission power allocation between the useful signal andartificial noise (AN) in order to enhance the ESC. Simulation results show that1) our RFDA-DM-AN scheme achieves a higher secrecy capacity than that of the PAbased DM scheme, 2) the lower bound derived is shown to approach the ESC as thenumber of transmit antennas N increases and precisely matches the ESC when N issufficiently large, and 3) the proposed optimum power allocation achieves thehighest ESC compared with other power allocations in the RFDA-DM-AN.

Artificial-Noise-Aided Secure Transmission with Directional Modulation based on Random Frequency Diverse Arrays