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We introduce an Active Vertex Model (AVM) for cell-resolution studies of themechanics of confluent epithelial tissues consisting of tens of thousands ofcells, with a level of detail inaccessible to similar methods. The AVM combinesthe Vertex Model for confluent epithelial tissues with active matter dynamics.This introduces a natural description of the cell motion and accounts formotion patterns observed on multiple scales. Furthermore, cell contacts aregenerated dynamically from positions of cell centres. This not only enablesefficient numerical implementation, but provides a natural description of theT1 transition events responsible for local tissue rearrangements. The AVM alsoincludes cell alignment, cell-specific mechanical properties, cell growth,division and apoptosis. In addition, the AVM introduces a flexible, dynamicallychanging boundary of the epithelial sheet allowing for studies of phenomenasuch as the fingering instability or wound healing. We illustrate thesecapabilities with a number of case studies.

Active Vertex Model for Cell-Resolution Description of Epithelial Tissue Mechanics