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Materials where the electron filling is close to commensurate filling provideone of the great challenges in materials science. Several proposals ofunconventional orderings, where the electronic liquid self-organizes intocomponents with distinct properties, were recently put forward, in particularin cuprates and pnictides where electronic nematic orders have been observed.The electrons self-organization is expected to yield complex intra and interunit cell patterns, and a reduction of dimensionality. Nevertheless, anunambiguous experimental proof of such complex orders, namely the directobservation of distinct dispersions, is still missing. Here we report a NanoAngle Resolved Photo-emission Spectroscopy (Nano-ARPES) study of NbSe$_3$, amaterial that has been considered a paradigm of charge order. The new data(Fig.1) invalidate the canonical picture of imperfect nesting and reveals theemergence of a novel order. The electrons self-organization uncovers theone-dimensional (1D) physics hidden in a material which naively should be themost 3D of all columnar chalcogenides.

Emerging one-dimensionality from self-organization of electrons in NbSe$_3$