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Transparent tissue scaffolds enable illumination of growing tissue toaccelerate cell proliferation and improve other cell functions throughphotobiomodulation. The biphasic dose response of cells exposed tophotobiomodulating light dictates that the illumination to be evenlydistributed across the scaffold such that the cells are neither under nor overexposed to light. However, equalized illumination has not been sufficientlyaddressed. Here we analyze and experimentally demonstrate spatially equalizingillumination by three methods, namely, engineered surface scattering,reflection by a gold mirror, and traveling-waves in a ring mesh. Our resultsshow that nearly equalized illumination is achievable by controlling the lightscattering-to-loss ratio. This demonstration opens opportunities fordose-optimized photobiomodulation in tissue regeneration.

Scattering and Absorption Control in Biocompatible Fibers towards Equalized Photobiomodulation