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Road transport sector is found to be one of the major emitters, andresponsible for serious air pollution and huge pubic health losses. Oneimportant parameter for determining the consequences of transport demand shocksfor the macroeconomy, air pollution and public health is the elasticity of thedemand for transport. Most published studies that use flexible functional formshave ignored the theoretical regularity conditions implied by microeconomictheories. Moreover, even a few studies have checked and/or imposed regularityconditions, most of them equate curvature alone with regularity, thus ignoringor minimizing the importance of other regularities. And then, the resultsappear biased and may in fact be biased. Therefore, we select three of the mostwidely used flexible functional forms, the Rotterdam model, the Almost IdealDemand System (AIDS), and the quadratic AIDS (QUAIDS) to investigate the demandfor road transport in China using recent annual expenditure data, over a 13year period from 2002 to 2014, on three expenditure categories in thetransportation sector: private transportation, local transportation andintercity transportation. Estimation shows that the AIDS model is the onlymodel that is able to provide theoretically consistent estimates of theresidents demand for road transport in China. Our estimates show that theprivate transportation is a luxury among the transportation goods, and iselastic in price changes relatively. The empirical results imply that theprivate and the local transportation, the local and intercity transportationare gross complements. And, the private transportation is a substitute for theinter-city transportation, while the intercity transportation is a complementof the private transportation.

The demand for road transport in China: imposing theoretical regularity and flexible functional forms selection