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While confirming the long held view that viruses do not closely imitate theuse of their host's codon catalogue, Esposito and coworkers neverthelessconsider it surprising that, despite having the ability to infect the samehost, many mycobacteriophages share little or no genetic similarity (i.e.similarity in their GC contents and codon utilization patterns). Arguingcorrectly that efficient translation of a phage's proteins within a host islikely to be optimized by the phage's ability to match the host's codon usagepattern, it is concluded that the preferred host of many mycobacteriophages isnot Mycobacterium smegmatis, despite their having been isolated on thatorganism. Thus, a virus and its elusive preferred hosts would have had similarGC percentages and codon usages, but the same virus could still infect aless-preferred host (Mycobacterium smegmatis), where the virus-host similaritywould be less evident. However, there is another evolutionary interpretation.

Elusive preferred hosts or nucleic acid level selection? A commentary  on: Evolutionary interpretations of mycobacteriophage biodiversity and  host-range through the analysis of codon usage bias (Esposito et al. 2016)