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Migration is a key mechanism for expansion of communities. In spatiallyheterogeneous environments, rapidly gaining knowledge about the localenvironment is key to the evolutionary success of a migrating population. Forhistorical human migration, environmental heterogeneity was naturallyasymmetric in the north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) directions. We hereconsider the human migration process in the Americas, modeled as random,asymmetric, modularly correlated environments. Knowledge about the environmentsdetermines the fitness of each individual. We present a phase diagram forasymmetry of migration as a function of carrying capacity and fitnessthreshold. We find that the speed of migration is proportional to the inversecomplement of the spatial environmental gradient, and in particular we findthat north-south migration rates are lower than east-west migration rates whenthe environmental gradient is higher in the north-south direction.Communication of knowledge between individuals can help to spread beneficialknowledge within the population. The speed of migration increases whencommunication transmits pieces of knowledge that contribute in a modular way tothe fitness of individuals. The results for the dependence of migration rate onasymmetry and modularity are consistent with existing archaeologicalobservations. The results for asymmetry of genetic divergence are consistentwith patterns of human gene flow.

Modular knowledge systems accelerate human migration in asymmetric random environments