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Passive microseismic data are commonly buried in noise, which presents asignificant challenge for signal detection and recovery. For recordings from asurface sensor array where each trace contains a time-delayed arrival from theevent, we propose an autocorrelation-based stacking method that designs adenoising filter from all the traces, as well as a multi-channel detectionscheme. This approach circumvents the issue of time aligning the traces priorto stacking because every trace's autocorrelation is centered at zero in thelag domain. The effect of white noise is concentrated near zero lag, so thefilter design requires a predictable adjustment of the zero-lag value.Truncation of the autocorrelation is employed to smooth the impulse response ofthe denoising filter. In order to extend the applicability of the algorithm, wealso propose a noise prewhitening scheme that addresses cases with colorednoise. The simplicity and robustness of this method are validated withsynthetic and real seismic traces.

Microseismic events enhancement and detection in sensor arrays using autocorrelation based filtering