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Tourism is one of the most important economic activities in the world: formany countries it represents the single largest product in their export basket.However, it is a product difficult to chart: "exporters" of tourism do not shipit abroad, but they welcome importers inside the country. Current research usessocial accounting matrices and general equilibrium models, but the standardindustry classifications they use make it hard to identify which domesticindustries cater to foreign visitors. In this paper, we make use of open sourcedata and of anonymized and aggregated transaction data giving us insights aboutthe spend behavior of foreigners inside two countries, Colombia and theNetherlands, to inform our research. With this data, we are able to describewhat constitutes the tourism sector, and to map the most attractivedestinations for visitors. In particular, we find that countries might observedifferent geographical tourists' patterns -- concentration versusdecentralization --; we show the importance of distance, a country's reportedwealth and cultural affinity in informing tourism; and we show the potential ofcombining open source data and anonymized and aggregated transaction data onforeign spend patterns in gaining insight as to the evolution of tourism fromone year to another.

Exploring the Uncharted Export: an Analysis of Tourism-Related Foreign Expenditure with International Spend Data