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Quantifying spontaneous, fugitive and venting related methane emissions areoften difficult and cumbersome. However, auditing the methane emissions due toconventional and un-conventional hydrocarbon exploitation techniques arebecoming necessary. Present generation compact chemical sensors are slower,degrade very fast, and are sensitive broad-spectrum gases. On the other hand,optical sensors are very fast in detection of gases and more precise and can beeasily employed in various environments like boreholes and soils. In thisstudy, we report development of an optical sensor that is methane specific,fast for real time applications and has tremendous application potential in theexploration of coal bed methane and other hydrocarbon reserves with methane asa major constituent. The detection process is based on the principle ofspectroscopic absorption of light. The detector, NiSi Schottky diode, wasfabricated and characterized exclusively for the 1.65 um, narrow bandwidthmethane absorption. The probe is of 20 cm length and comprises of a lasersource and the NiSi detector aligned optically. This probe can be employed inboreholes, mine vents and soil layers for measuring real-time fluxes in methaneconcentrations. From the laboratory based experiments it is observed that thedetection limits of the developed device is very low (3% by volume) and theresponse time of detection is very rapid (about 2 seconds). Based on thematerials used, fabrication procedures adopted, sensitivity of the device andits compactness, the developed sensor can be considered as a novel, economicdevice for exploration of coal bed methane.

A Novel, Compact Optical Device for Estimating the Methane Emissions in Geological Environment