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In this paper we present a novel method for the correction of motionartifacts that are present in fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans ofthe whole uterus. Contrary to current slice-to-volume registration (SVR)methods, requiring an inflexible anatomical enclosure of a single investigatedorgan, the proposed patch-to-volume reconstruction (PVR) approach is able toreconstruct a large field of view of non-rigidly deforming structures. Itrelaxes rigid motion assumptions by introducing a specific amount of redundantinformation that is exploited with parallelized patch-wise optimization,super-resolution, and automatic outlier rejection. We further describe andprovide an efficient parallel implementation of PVR allowing its executionwithin reasonable time on commercially available graphics processing units(GPU), enabling its use in the clinical practice. We evaluate PVR'scomputational overhead compared to standard methods and observe improvedreconstruction accuracy in presence of affine motion artifacts of approximately30% compared to conventional SVR in synthetic experiments. Furthermore, we haveevaluated our method qualitatively and quantitatively on real fetal MRI datasubject to maternal breathing and sudden fetal movements. We evaluatepeak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), andcross correlation (CC) with respect to the originally acquired data and providea method for visual inspection of reconstruction uncertainty. With theseexperiments we demonstrate successful application of PVR motion compensation tothe whole uterus, the human fetus, and the human placenta.

PVR: Patch-to-Volume Reconstruction for Large Area Motion Correction of Fetal MRI