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In human relations individuals' gender and age play a key role in thestructures and dynamics of their social arrangements. In order to analyze thegender preferences of individuals in interaction with others at differentstages of their lives we study a large mobile phone dataset. To do this weconsider four fundamental gender-related caller and callee combinations ofhuman interactions, namely male to male, male to female, female to male, andfemale to female, which together with age, kinship, and different levels offriendship give rise to a wide scope of human sociality. Here we analyse therelative strength of these four types of interaction using a large dataset ofmobile phone communication records. Our analysis suggests strong age dependencefor an ego of one gender choosing to call an individual of either gender. Weobserve a strong opposite sex bonding across most of their reproductive age.However, older women show a strong tendency to connect to another female thatis one generation younger in a way that is suggestive of the\emph{grandmothering effect}. We also find that the relative strength among thefour possible interactions depends on phone call duration. For calls of mediumand long duration, opposite gender interactions are significantly more probablethan same gender interactions during the reproductive years, suggestingpotential emotional exchange between spouses. By measuring the fraction ofcalls to other generations we find that mothers tend to make calls more totheir daughters than to their sons, whereas fathers make calls more to theirsons than to their daughters. For younger people, most of their calls go tosame generation alters, while older people call the younger people morefrequently, which supports the suggestion that \emph{affection flows downward}.

Quantifying gender preferences across humans lifespan