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The method of waveform cross correlation (WCC) allows remote monitoring ofweak seismic activity induced by underground tests. This type of monitoring isconsidered as a principal task of on-site inspection under the Comprehensivenuclear-test-ban treaty. On September 11, 2016, a seismic event with body wavemagnitude 2.1 was found in automatic processing near the epicenter of theunderground explosion conducted by the DPRK on September 9, 2016. This eventoccurred approximately two days after the test. Using the WCC method, two arraystations of the International Monitoring System (IMS), USRK and KSRS, detectedPn-wave arrivals, which were associated with a unique event. Standard automaticprocessing at the International Data Centre (IDC) did not create an eventhypothesis, but in the following interactive processing based on WCCdetections, an IDC analyst was able to create a two-station event . Locationand other characteristics of this small seismic source indicate that it islikely an aftershock of the preceding explosion. Building on the success ofautomatic detection and phase association, we carried out an extended analysis,which included later phases and closest non-IMS stations. The final crosscorrelation solution uses four stations, including MDJ (China) and SEHB(Republic of Korea), with the epicenter approximately 2 km to north-west fromthe epicenter of the Sept. 9 test. We also located the aftershock epicenter bystandard IDC program LocSAT using the arrival times obtained by crosscorrelation. The distance between the DPRK and LocSAT aftershock epicenters is25.5 km, i.e. by an order of magnitude larger than that obtained by the WCCrelative location method.

Remote monitoring of weak aftershock activity with waveform cross correlation: the case of the DPRK September 9, 2016 underground test