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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential enabler for thedevelopment of 5G and beyond wireless networks. By allowing multiple users toshare the same time and frequency, NOMA can scale up the number of servedusers, increase the spectral efficiency, and improve user-fairness compared toexisting orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques. While single-cell NOMAhas drawn significant attention recently, much less attention has been given tomulti-cell NOMA. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges ofNOMA in a multi-cell environment. As the density of base stations and devicesincreases, inter-cell interference becomes a major obstacle in multi-cellnetworks. As such, identifying techniques that combine interference managementapproaches with NOMA is of great significance. After discussing the theorybehind NOMA, this paper provides an overview of the current literature anddiscusses key implementation and research challenges, with an emphasis onmulti-cell NOMA.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Multi-Cell Networks: Theory, Performance, and Practical Challenges