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When watching the image of a natural scene on a computer screen, observersinitially move their eyes towards the center of the image --- a reliableexperimental finding termed central fixation bias. This systematic tendency ineye guidance likely masks attentional selection driven by image properties andtop-down cognitive processes. Here we show that the central fixation bias canbe reduced by delaying the initial saccade relative to image onset. In fourscene-viewing experiments we manipulated observers' initial gaze position anddelayed their first saccade by a specific time interval relative to the onsetof an image. We analyzed the distance to image center over time and show thatthe central fixation bias of initial fixations was significantly reduced afterdelayed saccade onsets. We additionally show that selection of the initialsaccade target strongly depended on the first saccade latency. Processesinfluencing the time course of the central fixation bias were investigated bycomparing simulations of several dynamic and statistical models. Modelcomparisons suggest that the central fixation bias is generated by a defaultactivation as a response to the sudden image onset and that this defaultactivation pattern decreases over time. Our results suggest that it may oftenbe preferable to use a modified version of the scene viewing paradigm thatdecouples image onset from the start signal for scene exploration andexplicitly controls the central fixation bias. In general, the initial fixationlocation and the latency of the first saccade need to be taken intoconsideration when investigating eye movements during scene viewing.

The temporal evolution of the central fixation bias in scene viewing