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Collective cell migration contributes to embryogenesis, wound healing andtumor metastasis. Cell monolayer migration experiments help understanding whatdetermines the movement of cells far from the leading edge. Inhibiting cellproliferation limits cell density increase and prevents jamming; we observelong-duration migration and quantify space-time characteristics of the velocityprofile over large length- and time-scales. Velocity waves propagate backwardsand their frequency depends only on cell density at the moving front. Both cellaverage velocity and wave velocity increase linearly with the cell effectiveradius regardless of the distance to the front. Inhibiting lamellipodiadecreases cell velocity while waves either disappear or have a lower frequency.Our model combines conservation laws, monolayer mechanical properties and aphenomenological coupling between strain and polarity: advancing cells pull ontheir followers which then become polarized. With reasonable values ofparameters, this model agrees with several of our experimental observations.Together, our experiments and model disantangle the respective contributions ofactive velocity and of proliferation in monolayer migration, explain how cellsmaintain their polarity far from the moving front, and highlight the importanceof strain-polarity coupling and density in long-range information propagation.

Collective cell migration without proliferation: density determines cell velocity and wave velocity