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We have demonstrated a remote magnetometer based on sodium atoms in theEarth's mesosphere, at a 106-kilometer distance from our instrument. A1.33-watt laser illuminated the atoms, and the magnetic field was inferred fromback-scattered light collected by a telescope with a 1.55-meter-diameteraperture. The measurement sensitivity was 162 nT/$\sqrt{Hz}$. The value ofmagnetic field inferred from our measurement is consistent with an estimatebased on the Earth's known field shape to within a fraction of a percent.Projected improvements in optics could lead to sensitivity of 20nT/$\sqrt{Hz}$, and the use of advanced lasers or a large telescope couldapproach 1-nT/$\sqrt{Hz}$ sensitivity. All experimental and theoreticalsensitivity values are based on a 60$^\circ$ angle between the laser beam axisand the magnetic field vector; at the optimal 90$^\circ$ angle sensitivitywould be improved by about a factor of two.

Laser remote magnetometry using mesospheric sodium