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For the assessment of radiation effects of clinical ion-beams, dosimetry hasto be complemented by information on particle-energy distribution or relatedquantities. Fluorescence nuclear track detectors made from C,Mg-doped aluminasingle crystals allow for the quantification of ion track density and energyloss on a single-track basis. In this study, their feasibility and accuracy toquantify fluence, linear-energy-transfer (LET) distributions, and eventuallydose for a spread-out carbon ion Bragg peak was investigated. We found that theprimary ions track densities agreed well with the reference data, but thedetermination of the individual detector sensitivity represented a major sourceof uncertainty in LET (and dose) assessment. While low-LET fragments in thebeam are not contributing to this dose significantly, their number of waslargely underestimated by approximately a factor three. The effect was mostpronounced for protons where the measured fluence deviates at least an order ofmagnitude. We conclude that this is mainly caused by the wide angulardistribution of protons in a carbon beam. The use of a dedicated FNTD readerdevice and semi-automated workflow improved outcome due to the considerablylarger amount of data available as compared to a state-of-the-art multi-purposeconfocal laser scanning microscope.

Measurement of fluence, LET, and dose in a carbon ion spread-out Bragg-peak using fluorescent nuclear track detectors and an automated reader