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Structural and functional MRI studies of patients with post-stroke languagedeficits have contributed substantially to our understanding of howcognitive-behavioral impairments relate to the location of structural damageand to the activation of surviving brain regions during language processing,respectively. However, very little is known about how inter-patient variabilityin language task activation relates to variability in the structures affectedby stroke. Here, we used parallel independent component analysis (pICA) tocharacterize links between patterns of structural damage and patterns offunctional MRI activation during semantic decisions. The pICA analysis revealeda significant association between a lesion component featuring damage to leftposterior temporo-parietal cortex and the underlying deep white matter and anfMRI component featuring (1) heightened activation in a primarily righthemispheric network of frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, and (2) reducedactivation in areas associated with the semantic network activated by healthycontrols. Stronger loading parameters on both the lesion and fMRI activationcomponents were associated with poorer language test performance. Fibertracking suggests that lesions affecting the left posterior temporo-parietalcortex and deep white matter may lead to the simultaneous disruption ofmultiple long-range structural pathways connecting distal language areas.Damage to the left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and underlying whitematter may (1) impede the language task-driven recruitment of canonical lefthemispheric language and other areas (e.g. the right anterior temporal lobe anddefault mode regions) that likely support residual language function afterstroke, and (2) lead to the compensatory recruitment of right hemisphericfronto-temporo-parietal networks for tasks requiring semantic processing.

Parallel ICA reveals linked patterns of structural damage and fMRI language task activation in chronic post-stroke aphasia