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The advancement in digital technologies have made it possible to produceperfect copies of digital content. In this environment, malicious usersreproduce the digital content and share it without compensation to the contentowner. Content owners are concerned about the potential loss of revenue andreputation from piracy, especially when the content is available over theInternet. Digital watermarking has emerged as a deterrent measure towards suchmalicious activities. Several methods have been proposed for copyrightprotection and fingerprinting of digital images. However, these methods are notapplicable to text documents as these documents lack rich texture informationwhich is abundantly available in digital images. In this paper, a framework(mPDF) is proposed which facilitates the usage of digital image watermarkingalgorithms on text documents. The proposed method divides a text document intotexture and non-texture blocks using an energy-based approach. Afterclassification, a watermark is embedded inside the texture blocks in a contentadaptive manner. The proposed method is integrated with five known imagewatermarking methods and its performance is studied in terms of quality androbustness. Experiments are conducted on documents in 11 different languages.Experimental results clearly show that the proposed method facilitates theusage of image watermarking algorithms on text documents and is robust againstattacks such as print & scan, print screen, and skew. Also, the proposed methodovercomes the drawbacks of existing text watermarking methods such as manualinspection and language dependency.

mPDF: Framework for Watermarking PDF Files using Image Watermarking Algorithms