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Here, we present a concept based on the realization that a complex medium canbe used as a simple interferometer. Changes in the wavefront of an incidentcoherent beam can be retrieved by analyzing changes in speckle patterns whenthe beam passes through a light diffuser. We demonstrate that the spatialintensity correlations of the speckle patterns are independent of the lightdiffusers, and are solely determined by the phase changes of an incident beam.With numerical simulations using the random matrix theory, and an experimentalpressure-driven wavefront-deforming setup using a microfluidic channel, wetheoretically and experimentally confirm the universal sensitivity of speckleintensity correlations, which is attributed to the conservation of opticalfield correlation despite multiple light scattering. This work demonstratesthat a complex media is a simple interferometer, and presents opportunities toreplace complicated reference-beam-assisted interferometers with a simple andcompact scattering layer in various applications in metrology, analyticalchemistry, and biomedicine.

Universal sensitivity of speckle intensity correlations to wavefront change in light diffusers