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From the basic impact of nutrient intake on health maintenance to thepsychosocial benefits of mealtime, great advancements in nutritional sciencesfor support of human space travel have occurred over the past 60 years.Nutrition in space has many areas of impact, including provision of requirednutrients and maintenance of endocrine, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Itis affected by environmental conditions such as radiation, temperature, andatmospheric pressures, and these are reviewed. Nutrition with respect to spaceflight is closely interconnected with other life sciences research disciplinesincluding the study of hematology, immunology, as well as neurosensory,cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, circadian rhythms, and musculoskeletalphysiology. Psychosocial aspects of nutrition are also important for moreproductive missions and crew morale. Research conducted to determine the impactof spaceflight on human physiology and subsequent nutritional requirements willalso have direct and indirect applications in Earth-based nutrition research.Cumulative nutritional research over the past five decades has resulted in thecurrent nutritional requirements for astronauts. Realization of the full roleof nutrition during spaceflight is critical for the success ofextended-duration missions. Long-duration missions will require quantitation ofnutrient requirements for maintenance of health and protection against theeffects of microgravity.  Keywords: Space nutrition, space flight, effects of microgravity, astronauts,space food

Space nutrition: the key role of nutrition in human space flight