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Nanoindentation is a widely used method for sensitive exploration of themechanical properties of micromechanical systems. We derived an empiricalanalysis technique to extract stress-strain field gradient and divergencerepresentations from nanoindentation measurements. With this approach localgradients and heterogeneities can be discovered to obtain more detail about thesample's microstructure, thus enhancing the analytic capacity of thenanoindentation technique. We analysed nanoindentation tests of bulk solidsubstrates, namely bearing and tooling steel, and fused silica. Oscillations ofthe stress-strain field gradient and divergence induced in the subsurface layerby the nanoindentation experiment were revealed. The oscillations wereespecially prominent in single measurements at low indentation depths (< 100nm), whereas they were concealed in the averaged datasets. The amplitude ofstress-strain field divergence oscillations decayed as a sublinear power-lawwhen the indenter approached deeper atomic layers, with an exponent -0.9 forthe steel and -0.8 for the fused silica. The oscillations were interpreted asalternating strain hardening-softening cycles induced in the subsurface layersunder the indenter load. A selective assessment of elastic and plasticstress-strain field components indicated an elastic-plastic deformation processwhere the normal strain is transformed into the shear strain leading to aplastic deformation.

Strain hardening-softening oscillations induced by nanoindentation in bulk solids